Authority-Leaning Political Figures

No. The upper half of the compass combines the civil axis (authority, security, central power) with the society axis (tradition, religion, national identity). Many elected leaders sit here because of traditional social views. 88 figures have a mean of the two above 15 on a scale of -100 to 100.

Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.

No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.