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44 figures mapped

Political Views of Every US President

Every president from George Washington to Joe Biden placed on the same 12 axes, from their own speeches, laws and record in office. Grover Cleveland served twice and appears once.

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Each dot is one figure: economic views across, the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Hover or tap a dot for the name.

6Economic left
12Near the economic centre
26Economic right

Up and down the compass: 14 on the authority side, 23 near the middle and 7 on the liberty side.

All 44

  1. 1732-1799 · United StatesGeorge Washington1st President of the United StatesAuth right
  2. 1735-1826 · United StatesJohn Adams2nd President of the United StatesAuth right
  3. 1743-1826 · United StatesThomas Jefferson3rd President of the United StatesLib right
  4. 1751-1836 · United StatesJames Madison4th President of the United StatesLib right
  5. 1758-1831 · United StatesJames Monroe5th President of the United States (1817-1825)Auth right
  6. 1767-1848 · United StatesJohn Quincy Adams6th President of the United States (1825-1829)Lib right
  7. 1767-1845 · United StatesAndrew Jackson7th President of the United States (1829-1837)Auth right
  8. 1782-1862 · United StatesMartin Van Buren8th President of the United States (1837-1841)Lib right
  9. 1773-1841 · United StatesWilliam Henry Harrison9th President of the United States (1841)Lib right
  10. 1790-1862 · United StatesJohn Tyler10th President of the United States (1841-1845)Lib right
  11. 1795-1849 · United StatesJames K. Polk11th President of the United States (1845-1849)Lib right
  12. 1784-1850 · United StatesZachary Taylor12th President of the United States (1849-1850)Centre
  13. 1800-1874 · United StatesMillard Fillmore13th President of the United States (1850-1853)Auth right
  14. 1804-1869 · United StatesFranklin Pierce14th President of the United States (1853-1857)Auth right
  15. 1791-1868 · United StatesJames Buchanan15th President of the United States (1857-1861)Auth right
  16. 1809-1865 · United StatesAbraham Lincoln16th President of the United StatesAuth right
  17. 1808-1875 · United StatesAndrew Johnson17th President of the United States (1865-1869)Auth right
  18. 1822-1885 · United StatesUlysses S. Grant18th President of the United States (1869-1877)Auth right
  19. 1822-1893 · United StatesRutherford B. Hayes19th President of the United States (1877-1881)Auth right
  20. 1831-1881 · United StatesJames A. Garfield20th President of the United States (1881)Auth right
  21. 1829-1886 · United StatesChester A. Arthur21st President of the United States (1881-1885)Auth right
  22. 1837-1908 · United StatesGrover Cleveland22nd and 24th President of the United States (1885-1889, 1893-1897)Auth right
  23. 1833-1901 · United StatesBenjamin Harrison23rd President of the United States (1889-1893)Centre
  24. 1843-1901 · United StatesWilliam McKinley25th President of the United States (1897-1901)Auth right
  25. 1858-1919 · United StatesTheodore Roosevelt26th President of the United States (1901-1909)Auth left
  26. 1857-1930 · United StatesWilliam Howard Taft27th President of the United States (1909-1913)Auth right
  27. 1856-1924 · United StatesWoodrow Wilson28th President of the United States (1913-1921)Auth left
  28. 1865-1923 · United StatesWarren G. Harding29th President of the United States (1921-1923)Auth right
  29. 1872-1933 · United StatesCalvin Coolidge30th President of the United States (1923-1929)Auth right
  30. 1874-1964 · United StatesHerbert Hoover31st President of the United States (1929-1933)Lib right
  31. 1882-1945 · United StatesFranklin D. Roosevelt32nd President of the United States (1933-1945)Auth left
  32. 1884-1972 · United StatesHarry S. Truman33rd President of the United States (1945-1953)Lib left
  33. 1890-1969 · United StatesDwight D. Eisenhower34th President of the United States (1953-1961)Centre
  34. 1917-1963 · United StatesJohn F. Kennedy35th President of the United States (1961-1963)Lib left
  35. 1908-1973 · United StatesLyndon B. Johnson36th President of the United States (1963-1969)Auth left
  36. 1913-1994 · United StatesRichard Nixon37th President of the United States (1969-1974)Auth left
  37. 1913-2006 · United StatesGerald Ford38th President of the United States (1974-1977)Lib right
  38. 1924-2024 · United StatesJimmy Carter39th President of the United States (1977-1981)Centre
  39. 1911-2004 · United StatesRonald Reagan40th President of the United States (1981-1989)Auth right
  40. 1924-2018 · United StatesGeorge H. W. Bush41st President of the United States (1989-1993)Auth right
  41. Born 1946 · United StatesBill Clinton42nd President of the United States (1993-2001)Lib right
  42. Born 1946 · United StatesGeorge W. Bush43rd President of the United States (2001-2009)Auth right
  43. Born 1961 · United StatesBarack Obama44th President of the United States (2009-2017)Lib left
  44. Born 1942 · United StatesJoe Biden46th President of the United States (2021-2025)Lib left

Quick quiz

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FAQ

US presidents: questions

How many US presidents are on PoliticalTests?

44 US presidents have a profile here, from George Washington to Joe Biden. Of them, 6 sit on the economic left, 12 near the centre and 26 on the economic right. Leaders still active in politics are not included.

How are these positions worked out?

Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.

Is this a ranking or a judgment?

No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.

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All historical figures