PoliticalTests

37 figures mapped

Political Views of World Leaders

Presidents, prime ministers and other heads of state and government from France, India, Israel, Cuba, South Africa and more, placed on the same 12 axes. The US, UK, German, Canadian, Australian and Brazilian leaders have their own pages.

Take the 12 Axes test Filter all figures

Each dot is one figure: economic views across, the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Hover or tap a dot for the name.

19Economic left
11Near the economic centre
7Economic right

Up and down the compass: 16 on the authority side, 11 near the middle and 10 on the liberty side.

All 37

  1. 1783-1830 · VenezuelaSimón BolívarPresident of Gran Colombia (1819-1830)Auth right
  2. 1825-1891 · BrazilDom Pedro IIEmperor of Brazil (1831-1889)Auth right
  3. 1866-1925 · ChinaSun Yat-senProvisional President of the Republic of China (1912)Auth left
  4. 1881-1938 · TurkeyMustafa Kemal AtatürkFounder and 1st President of the Republic of Turkey (1923-1938)Auth left
  5. 1881-1954 · ItalyAlcide De GasperiPrime Minister of Italy (1945-1953)Auth left
  6. 1895-1974 · ArgentinaJuan PerónPresident of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974)Auth left
  7. 1886-1963 · FranceRobert SchumanPrime Minister of France (1947-1948)Centre
  8. 1889-1964 · IndiaJawaharlal Nehru1st Prime Minister of India (1947-1964)Lib left
  9. 1886-1973 · IsraelDavid Ben-Gurion1st Prime Minister of Israel (1948-1954, 1955-1963)Auth left
  10. 1890-1970 · FranceCharles de GaullePresident of France (1959-1969)Auth left
  11. 1923-2015 · SingaporeLee Kuan Yew1st Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)Auth right
  12. 1926-2016 · CubaFidel CastroPrime Minister of Cuba (1959-1976)Auth left
  13. 1909-1972 · GhanaKwame NkrumahPresident of Ghana (1960-1966)Auth left
  14. 1910-1985 · BrazilTancredo NevesPrime Minister of Brazil (1961-1962)Lib left
  15. 1922-1999 · TanzaniaJulius NyererePresident of Tanzania (1964-1985)Auth left
  16. 1917-1984 · IndiaIndira Gandhi3rd Prime Minister of India (1966-1977, 1980-1984)Auth left
  17. 1898-1978 · IsraelGolda Meir4th Prime Minister of Israel (1969-1974)Auth left
  18. 1927-1986 · SwedenOlof PalmePrime Minister of Sweden (1969-1976, 1982-1986)Lib left
  19. 1908-1973 · ChileSalvador AllendePresident of Chile (1970-1973)Lib left
  20. 1922-1995 · IsraelYitzhak Rabin5th Prime Minister of Israel (1974-1977, 1992-1995)Centre
  21. 1926-2020 · FranceValéry Giscard d'EstaingPresident of France (1974-1981)Lib right
  22. 1913-1992 · IsraelMenachem Begin6th Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1983)Auth right
  23. 1904-1997 · ChinaDeng XiaopingParamount leader of the People's Republic of China (1978-1989)Auth left
  24. 1916-1996 · FranceFrançois MitterrandPresident of France (1981-1995)Lib left
  25. 1953-2007 · PakistanBenazir Bhutto11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990, 1993-1996)Centre
  26. 1936-2011 · CzechiaVáclav HavelPresident of Czechoslovakia (1989-1992)Lib right
  27. 1931-2022 · RussiaMikhail GorbachevPresident of the Soviet Union (1990-1991)Auth left
  28. Born 1943 · PolandLech WałęsaPresident of Poland (1990-1995)Lib right
  29. 1931-2007 · RussiaBoris YeltsinPresident of Russia (1991-1999)Auth right
  30. 1918-2013 · South AfricaNelson MandelaPresident of South Africa (1994-1999)Lib left
  31. 1932-2019 · FranceJacques ChiracPresident of France (1995-2007)Centre
  32. 1924-2018 · IndiaAtal Bihari Vajpayee10th Prime Minister of India (1996, 1998-2004)Auth right
  33. 1924-2009 · South KoreaKim Dae-jung8th President of South Korea (1998-2003)Lib right
  34. 1932-2024 · IndiaManmohan Singh14th Prime Minister of India (2004-2014)Lib right
  35. 1954-2022 · JapanShinzo AbePrime Minister of Japan (2006-2007, 2012-2020)Auth right
  36. 1935-2025 · UruguayJosé MujicaPresident of Uruguay (2010-2015)Lib left
  37. Born 1980 · New ZealandJacinda ArdernPrime Minister of New Zealand (2017-2023)Lib left

★ 12 axes · 4 groups · 3 lengths ★

Who is your historical twin?

Take the 12 Axes test and see where you land next to the 37 figures on this page, and which three are closest to you.

FAQ

World leaders: questions

Which leaders are on this page?

37 heads of state or government from outside the six countries with their own pages, from Simón Bolívar to Jacinda Ardern. Of them, 19 sit on the economic left, 11 near the centre and 7 on the economic right.

How are these positions worked out?

Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.

Is this a ranking or a judgment?

No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.

More categories

All historical figures