96 figures mapped
Right-Wing Political Figures on the Map
Figures whose economic views sit on the right of the compass: more private ownership, free markets and self-reliance. Right here means the economic axis only; their views on liberty and tradition vary, as the map shows.
Up and down the compass: 41 on the authority side, 35 near the middle and 20 on the liberty side.
All 96

1632-1704 · United KingdomJohn LockePhilosopherLib right

1689-1755 · FranceMontesquieuBaron de La Brède et de MontesquieuLib right

1706-1790 · United StatesBenjamin FranklinSigner of the Declaration of IndependenceLib right

1723-1790 · United KingdomAdam SmithMoral philosopherLib right

1724-1804 · GermanyImmanuel KantPhilosopherAuth right

1730-1797 · United KingdomEdmund BurkeMember of Parliament (1765-1794)Auth right

1732-1799 · United StatesGeorge Washington1st President of the United StatesAuth right

1735-1826 · United StatesJohn Adams2nd President of the United StatesAuth right

1743-1826 · United StatesThomas Jefferson3rd President of the United StatesLib right

1751-1836 · United StatesJames Madison4th President of the United StatesLib right

1755-1804 · United StatesAlexander Hamilton1st U.S. Secretary of the TreasuryAuth right

1758-1831 · United StatesJames Monroe5th President of the United States (1817-1825)Auth right

1767-1845 · United StatesAndrew Jackson7th President of the United States (1829-1837)Auth right

1782-1850 · United StatesJohn C. Calhoun7th Vice President of the United States (1825-1832)Auth right

1782-1862 · United StatesMartin Van Buren8th President of the United States (1837-1841)Lib right

1788-1850 · United KingdomRobert PeelPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834-1835, 1841-1846)Auth right

1790-1862 · United StatesJohn Tyler10th President of the United States (1841-1845)Lib right

1791-1868 · United StatesJames Buchanan15th President of the United States (1857-1861)Auth right

1795-1849 · United StatesJames K. Polk11th President of the United States (1845-1849)Lib right

1804-1869 · United StatesFranklin Pierce14th President of the United States (1853-1857)Auth right

1805-1859 · FranceAlexis de TocquevilleAuthor of Democracy in AmericaLib right

1808-1875 · United StatesAndrew Johnson17th President of the United States (1865-1869)Auth right

1809-1898 · United KingdomWilliam Ewart GladstonePrime Minister of the United Kingdom (four times, 1868-1894)Auth right

1815-1891 · CanadaJohn A. Macdonald1st Prime Minister of Canada (1867-1873, 1878-1891)Auth right

1817-1862 · United StatesHenry David ThoreauEssayist and naturalistLib right

1818-1895 · United StatesFrederick DouglassAbolitionist and oratorLib right

1822-1893 · United StatesRutherford B. Hayes19th President of the United States (1877-1881)Auth right

1822-1885 · United StatesUlysses S. Grant18th President of the United States (1869-1877)Auth right

1825-1891 · BrazilDom Pedro IIEmperor of Brazil (1831-1889)Auth right

1829-1886 · United StatesChester A. Arthur21st President of the United States (1881-1885)Auth right

1831-1881 · United StatesJames A. Garfield20th President of the United States (1881)Auth right

1837-1908 · United StatesGrover Cleveland22nd and 24th President of the United States (1885-1889, 1893-1897)Auth right

1841-1919 · CanadaWilfrid Laurier7th Prime Minister of Canada (1896-1911)Lib right

1843-1901 · United StatesWilliam McKinley25th President of the United States (1897-1901)Auth right

1864-1920 · GermanyMax WeberSociologist and political economistAuth right

1865-1923 · United StatesWarren G. Harding29th President of the United States (1921-1923)Auth right

1872-1933 · United StatesCalvin Coolidge30th President of the United States (1923-1929)Auth right

1874-1964 · United StatesHerbert Hoover31st President of the United States (1929-1933)Lib right

1874-1965 · United KingdomWinston ChurchillPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955)Auth right

1878-1929 · GermanyGustav StresemannChancellor of Germany (1923)Auth right

1881-1973 · AustriaLudwig von MisesEconomist of the Austrian schoolLib right

1883-1974 · BrazilEurico Gaspar DutraPresident of Brazil (1946-1951)Auth right

1894-1978 · AustraliaRobert Menzies12th Prime Minister of Australia (1939-1941, 1949-1966)Auth right

1897-1967 · BrazilHumberto de Alencar Castelo BrancoPresident of Brazil (1964-1967)Auth right

1897-1977 · GermanyLudwig ErhardChancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1963-1966)Auth right

1899-1992 · AustriaFriedrich HayekEconomist and political philosopherLib right

1903-1995 · United KingdomAlec Douglas-HomePrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1963-1964)Auth right

1905-1982 · United StatesAyn RandNovelist and philosopherLib right

1909-1998 · United StatesBarry GoldwaterU.S. Senator from Arizona (1953-1965, 1969-1987)Lib right

1911-2004 · United StatesRonald Reagan40th President of the United States (1981-1989)Auth right

1912-1998 · United KingdomEnoch PowellMinister of Health (1960-1963)Auth right

1912-2006 · United StatesMilton FriedmanEconomist at the University of ChicagoLib right

1913-2006 · United StatesGerald Ford38th President of the United States (1974-1977)Lib right

1913-1992 · IsraelMenachem Begin6th Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1983)Auth right

1914-1977 · BrazilCarlos LacerdaGovernor of Guanabara (1960-1965)Auth right

1915-1988 · GermanyFranz Josef StraussMinister-President of Bavaria (1978-1988)Auth right

1917-1992 · BrazilJânio QuadrosPresident of Brazil (1961)Auth right

1917-2001 · BrazilRoberto CamposMinister of Planning (1964-1967)Lib right

1918-2008 · RussiaAleksandr SolzhenitsynNovelist and historian, author of The Gulag ArchipelagoAuth right

1918-1994 · United KingdomKeith JosephSecretary of State for Education and Science (1981-1986)Auth right

1918-1994 · United StatesRussell KirkPolitical theorist and historianAuth right

1920-2009 · United StatesIrving KristolCo-founder and co-editor of The Public Interest (1965-2002)Auth right

1924-2018 · IndiaAtal Bihari Vajpayee10th Prime Minister of India (1996, 1998-2004)Auth right

1924-2018 · United StatesGeorge H. W. Bush41st President of the United States (1989-1993)Auth right

1924-2016 · United StatesPhyllis SchlaflyFounder and president of Eagle ForumAuth right

1925-2013 · United KingdomMargaret ThatcherPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)Auth right

1925-2008 · United StatesWilliam F. Buckley Jr.Founder and editor of National Review (1955-1990)Auth right

1926-1995 · United StatesMurray RothbardEconomist of the Austrian schoolLib right

1926-2020 · FranceValéry Giscard d'EstaingPresident of France (1974-1981)Lib right

1928-2025 · FranceJean-Marie Le PenFounder and President of the Front National (1972-2011)Auth right

1930-2017 · GermanyHelmut KohlChancellor of Germany (1982-1998)Auth right

1930-2015 · AustraliaMalcolm Fraser22nd Prime Minister of Australia (1975-1983)Lib right

Born 1930 · United StatesThomas SowellEconomist and social theoristAuth right

1931-2007 · RussiaBoris YeltsinPresident of Russia (1991-1999)Auth right

Born 1931 · BrazilFernando Henrique CardosoPresident of Brazil (1995-2003)Lib right

Born 1934 · CanadaJean Chrétien20th Prime Minister of Canada (1993-2003)Lib right

Born 1935 · United StatesRon PaulU.S. Representative from Texas (1976-1977, 1979-1985, 1997-2013)Lib right

1936-2018 · United StatesJohn McCainU.S. Senator from Arizona (1987-2018)Lib right

Born 1938 · United StatesPat BuchananWhite House Communications Director (1985-1987)Auth right

1938-2002 · United StatesRobert NozickPhilosopherLib right

1939-2024 · CanadaBrian Mulroney18th Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)Lib right

Born 1939 · AustraliaJohn Howard25th Prime Minister of Australia (1996-2007)Auth right

Born 1940 · BrazilMichel TemerPresident of Brazil (2016-2018)Lib right

1942-2023 · GermanyWolfgang SchäubleFederal Minister of Finance (2009-2017)Auth right

Born 1943 · United KingdomJohn MajorPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)Auth right

Born 1943 · PolandLech WałęsaPresident of Poland (1990-1995)Lib right

1944-2020 · United KingdomRoger ScrutonPhilosopher and writerAuth right

Born 1946 · United StatesBill Clinton42nd President of the United States (1993-2001)Lib right

Born 1946 · United StatesGeorge W. Bush43rd President of the United States (2001-2009)Auth right

Born 1949 · BrazilFernando Collor de MelloPresident of Brazil (1990-1992)Lib right

Born 1954 · AustraliaMalcolm Turnbull29th Prime Minister of Australia (2015-2018)Lib right

1954-2022 · JapanShinzo AbePrime Minister of Japan (2006-2007, 2012-2020)Auth right

Born 1956 · United KingdomTheresa MayPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (2016-2019)Auth right

Born 1959 · CanadaStephen Harper22nd Prime Minister of Canada (2006-2015)Auth right

Born 1966 · United KingdomDavid CameronPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010-2016)Lib right

Born 1968 · AustraliaScott Morrison30th Prime Minister of Australia (2018-2022)Auth right
★ 12 axes · 4 groups · 3 lengths ★
Who is your historical twin?
Take the 12 Axes test and see where you land next to the 96 figures on this page, and which three are closest to you.
FAQ
Economic right: questions
What does right-wing mean on this page?
Economic views right of the centre band of the compass: an economic score above 15 on a scale of -100 to 100, from ownership, markets and welfare. 96 figures qualify.
How are these positions worked out?
Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.
Is this a ranking or a judgment?
No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.