PoliticalTests

96 figures mapped

Right-Wing Political Figures on the Map

Figures whose economic views sit on the right of the compass: more private ownership, free markets and self-reliance. Right here means the economic axis only; their views on liberty and tradition vary, as the map shows.

Each dot is one figure: economic views across, the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Hover or tap a dot for the name.

0Economic left
0Near the economic centre
96Economic right

Up and down the compass: 41 on the authority side, 35 near the middle and 20 on the liberty side.

All 96

  1. 1632-1704 · United KingdomJohn LockePhilosopherLib right
  2. 1689-1755 · FranceMontesquieuBaron de La Brède et de MontesquieuLib right
  3. 1706-1790 · United StatesBenjamin FranklinSigner of the Declaration of IndependenceLib right
  4. 1723-1790 · United KingdomAdam SmithMoral philosopherLib right
  5. 1724-1804 · GermanyImmanuel KantPhilosopherAuth right
  6. 1730-1797 · United KingdomEdmund BurkeMember of Parliament (1765-1794)Auth right
  7. 1732-1799 · United StatesGeorge Washington1st President of the United StatesAuth right
  8. 1735-1826 · United StatesJohn Adams2nd President of the United StatesAuth right
  9. 1743-1826 · United StatesThomas Jefferson3rd President of the United StatesLib right
  10. 1751-1836 · United StatesJames Madison4th President of the United StatesLib right
  11. 1755-1804 · United StatesAlexander Hamilton1st U.S. Secretary of the TreasuryAuth right
  12. 1758-1831 · United StatesJames Monroe5th President of the United States (1817-1825)Auth right
  13. 1767-1845 · United StatesAndrew Jackson7th President of the United States (1829-1837)Auth right
  14. 1782-1850 · United StatesJohn C. Calhoun7th Vice President of the United States (1825-1832)Auth right
  15. 1782-1862 · United StatesMartin Van Buren8th President of the United States (1837-1841)Lib right
  16. 1788-1850 · United KingdomRobert PeelPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834-1835, 1841-1846)Auth right
  17. 1790-1862 · United StatesJohn Tyler10th President of the United States (1841-1845)Lib right
  18. 1791-1868 · United StatesJames Buchanan15th President of the United States (1857-1861)Auth right
  19. 1795-1849 · United StatesJames K. Polk11th President of the United States (1845-1849)Lib right
  20. 1804-1869 · United StatesFranklin Pierce14th President of the United States (1853-1857)Auth right
  21. 1805-1859 · FranceAlexis de TocquevilleAuthor of Democracy in AmericaLib right
  22. 1808-1875 · United StatesAndrew Johnson17th President of the United States (1865-1869)Auth right
  23. 1809-1898 · United KingdomWilliam Ewart GladstonePrime Minister of the United Kingdom (four times, 1868-1894)Auth right
  24. 1815-1891 · CanadaJohn A. Macdonald1st Prime Minister of Canada (1867-1873, 1878-1891)Auth right
  25. 1817-1862 · United StatesHenry David ThoreauEssayist and naturalistLib right
  26. 1818-1895 · United StatesFrederick DouglassAbolitionist and oratorLib right
  27. 1822-1893 · United StatesRutherford B. Hayes19th President of the United States (1877-1881)Auth right
  28. 1822-1885 · United StatesUlysses S. Grant18th President of the United States (1869-1877)Auth right
  29. 1825-1891 · BrazilDom Pedro IIEmperor of Brazil (1831-1889)Auth right
  30. 1829-1886 · United StatesChester A. Arthur21st President of the United States (1881-1885)Auth right
  31. 1831-1881 · United StatesJames A. Garfield20th President of the United States (1881)Auth right
  32. 1837-1908 · United StatesGrover Cleveland22nd and 24th President of the United States (1885-1889, 1893-1897)Auth right
  33. 1841-1919 · CanadaWilfrid Laurier7th Prime Minister of Canada (1896-1911)Lib right
  34. 1843-1901 · United StatesWilliam McKinley25th President of the United States (1897-1901)Auth right
  35. 1864-1920 · GermanyMax WeberSociologist and political economistAuth right
  36. 1865-1923 · United StatesWarren G. Harding29th President of the United States (1921-1923)Auth right
  37. 1872-1933 · United StatesCalvin Coolidge30th President of the United States (1923-1929)Auth right
  38. 1874-1964 · United StatesHerbert Hoover31st President of the United States (1929-1933)Lib right
  39. 1874-1965 · United KingdomWinston ChurchillPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955)Auth right
  40. 1878-1929 · GermanyGustav StresemannChancellor of Germany (1923)Auth right
  41. 1881-1973 · AustriaLudwig von MisesEconomist of the Austrian schoolLib right
  42. 1883-1974 · BrazilEurico Gaspar DutraPresident of Brazil (1946-1951)Auth right
  43. 1894-1978 · AustraliaRobert Menzies12th Prime Minister of Australia (1939-1941, 1949-1966)Auth right
  44. 1897-1967 · BrazilHumberto de Alencar Castelo BrancoPresident of Brazil (1964-1967)Auth right
  45. 1897-1977 · GermanyLudwig ErhardChancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1963-1966)Auth right
  46. 1899-1992 · AustriaFriedrich HayekEconomist and political philosopherLib right
  47. 1903-1995 · United KingdomAlec Douglas-HomePrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1963-1964)Auth right
  48. 1905-1982 · United StatesAyn RandNovelist and philosopherLib right
  49. 1909-1998 · United StatesBarry GoldwaterU.S. Senator from Arizona (1953-1965, 1969-1987)Lib right
  50. 1911-2004 · United StatesRonald Reagan40th President of the United States (1981-1989)Auth right
  51. 1912-1998 · United KingdomEnoch PowellMinister of Health (1960-1963)Auth right
  52. 1912-2006 · United StatesMilton FriedmanEconomist at the University of ChicagoLib right
  53. 1913-2006 · United StatesGerald Ford38th President of the United States (1974-1977)Lib right
  54. 1913-1992 · IsraelMenachem Begin6th Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1983)Auth right
  55. 1914-1977 · BrazilCarlos LacerdaGovernor of Guanabara (1960-1965)Auth right
  56. 1915-1988 · GermanyFranz Josef StraussMinister-President of Bavaria (1978-1988)Auth right
  57. 1917-1992 · BrazilJânio QuadrosPresident of Brazil (1961)Auth right
  58. 1917-2001 · BrazilRoberto CamposMinister of Planning (1964-1967)Lib right
  59. 1918-2008 · RussiaAleksandr SolzhenitsynNovelist and historian, author of The Gulag ArchipelagoAuth right
  60. 1918-1994 · United KingdomKeith JosephSecretary of State for Education and Science (1981-1986)Auth right
  61. 1918-1994 · United StatesRussell KirkPolitical theorist and historianAuth right
  62. 1920-2009 · United StatesIrving KristolCo-founder and co-editor of The Public Interest (1965-2002)Auth right
  63. 1924-2018 · IndiaAtal Bihari Vajpayee10th Prime Minister of India (1996, 1998-2004)Auth right
  64. 1924-2018 · United StatesGeorge H. W. Bush41st President of the United States (1989-1993)Auth right
  65. 1924-2016 · United StatesPhyllis SchlaflyFounder and president of Eagle ForumAuth right
  66. 1925-2013 · United KingdomMargaret ThatcherPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)Auth right
  67. 1925-2008 · United StatesWilliam F. Buckley Jr.Founder and editor of National Review (1955-1990)Auth right
  68. 1926-1995 · United StatesMurray RothbardEconomist of the Austrian schoolLib right
  69. 1926-2020 · FranceValéry Giscard d'EstaingPresident of France (1974-1981)Lib right
  70. 1928-2025 · FranceJean-Marie Le PenFounder and President of the Front National (1972-2011)Auth right
  71. 1930-2017 · GermanyHelmut KohlChancellor of Germany (1982-1998)Auth right
  72. 1930-2015 · AustraliaMalcolm Fraser22nd Prime Minister of Australia (1975-1983)Lib right
  73. Born 1930 · United StatesThomas SowellEconomist and social theoristAuth right
  74. 1931-2007 · RussiaBoris YeltsinPresident of Russia (1991-1999)Auth right
  75. Born 1931 · BrazilFernando Henrique CardosoPresident of Brazil (1995-2003)Lib right
  76. Born 1934 · CanadaJean Chrétien20th Prime Minister of Canada (1993-2003)Lib right
  77. Born 1935 · United StatesRon PaulU.S. Representative from Texas (1976-1977, 1979-1985, 1997-2013)Lib right
  78. 1936-2018 · United StatesJohn McCainU.S. Senator from Arizona (1987-2018)Lib right
  79. Born 1938 · United StatesPat BuchananWhite House Communications Director (1985-1987)Auth right
  80. 1938-2002 · United StatesRobert NozickPhilosopherLib right
  81. 1939-2024 · CanadaBrian Mulroney18th Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)Lib right
  82. Born 1939 · AustraliaJohn Howard25th Prime Minister of Australia (1996-2007)Auth right
  83. Born 1940 · BrazilMichel TemerPresident of Brazil (2016-2018)Lib right
  84. 1942-2023 · GermanyWolfgang SchäubleFederal Minister of Finance (2009-2017)Auth right
  85. Born 1943 · United KingdomJohn MajorPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)Auth right
  86. Born 1943 · PolandLech WałęsaPresident of Poland (1990-1995)Lib right
  87. 1944-2020 · United KingdomRoger ScrutonPhilosopher and writerAuth right
  88. Born 1946 · United StatesBill Clinton42nd President of the United States (1993-2001)Lib right
  89. Born 1946 · United StatesGeorge W. Bush43rd President of the United States (2001-2009)Auth right
  90. Born 1949 · BrazilFernando Collor de MelloPresident of Brazil (1990-1992)Lib right
  91. Born 1954 · AustraliaMalcolm Turnbull29th Prime Minister of Australia (2015-2018)Lib right
  92. 1954-2022 · JapanShinzo AbePrime Minister of Japan (2006-2007, 2012-2020)Auth right
  93. Born 1956 · United KingdomTheresa MayPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (2016-2019)Auth right
  94. Born 1959 · CanadaStephen Harper22nd Prime Minister of Canada (2006-2015)Auth right
  95. Born 1966 · United KingdomDavid CameronPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010-2016)Lib right
  96. Born 1968 · AustraliaScott Morrison30th Prime Minister of Australia (2018-2022)Auth right

★ 12 axes · 4 groups · 3 lengths ★

Who is your historical twin?

Take the 12 Axes test and see where you land next to the 96 figures on this page, and which three are closest to you.

FAQ

Economic right: questions

What does right-wing mean on this page?

Economic views right of the centre band of the compass: an economic score above 15 on a scale of -100 to 100, from ownership, markets and welfare. 96 figures qualify.

How are these positions worked out?

Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.

Is this a ranking or a judgment?

No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.