Political Views of German Chancellors

11 German chancellors have a profile here, from Otto von Bismarck to Angela Merkel. Of them, 2 sit on the economic left, 6 near the centre and 3 on the economic right. Leaders still active in politics are not included.

Each person is placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings, votes and record in office, with sources on every profile page. The map shows two of those measures: economic views across, and the mean of the civil and society axes up and down. Axes with no reasonable basis are left blank and do not count.

No. The placements describe stated positions and policies, not character or success in office. Every profile sets out what admirers and critics say, so you can read both sides.