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Policy profile on 12 axes

How Ukraine Is Governed

Ukraine is a unitary state that scores 0.24 out of 1 on the V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (2025). Government spending is 74% of GDP (IMF, 2025), the death penalty is abolished and same-sex marriage is banned in law. Below: the laws, institutions and public spending of Ukraine, scored on the same 12 axes as the test, with every indicator and source.

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Policy profile

The 12 axes, indicator by indicator

This profile describes the country's policy regime (laws, institutions and public spending) from published indices, not the views of its people or its current leaders. Data as of October 2026; each value shows its own year.

Ownership-0.30PublicPrivate2 indicators and sources
  • State ownership of the economy (coded tier): State controls major firms in several sectors beyond utilities (energy, banking, telecom, mining, transport) (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Property Rights (0-100): 21.6 (2026). Source
Markets-0.15PlannedFree5 indicators and sources
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Business Freedom (0-100): 57.4 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Labor Freedom (0-100): 46.9 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Monetary Freedom (0-100): 65.7 (2026). Source
  • Regulatory Quality, estimate (-2.5 to 2.5): -0.28 (2025). Source
  • State ownership of the economy (coded tier): State controls major firms in several sectors beyond utilities (energy, banking, telecom, mining, transport) (2026). Source
Welfare-0.30SharedSelf-reliant3 indicators and sources
  • General government total expenditure (% of GDP): 74.18 (2025). Source
  • Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP): 4.28 (2021). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Tax Burden (0-100): 83.7 (2026). Source
Authority+0.50DemocraticStrong leader2 indicators and sources
  • Liberal Democracy Index (0-1): 0.24 (2025). Source
  • Judicial constraints on the executive (0-1): 0.33 (2025). Source
Security-0.35LibertyOrder4 indicators and sources
  • Freedom in the World civil liberties score (0-60): 29 (2025). Source
  • World Press Freedom Index score (0-100): 66.1 (2026). Source
  • Death penalty status: Abolished for all crimes (2025). Source
  • Prison population per 100,000 people: 116 (2023). Source
Structure+0.60LocalCentral2 indicators and sources
  • Territorial form of the state: Unitary state (2025). Source
  • Strong elected regional governments index (0-1): 0.4 (2025). Source
Morality-0.25ProgressiveTraditional3 indicators and sources
  • Same-sex marriage law (0 marriage, 1 civil union or partnership, 2 no recognition, 3 constitutional or statutory ban): Same-sex marriage banned in law (2026). Source
  • Abortion law: On request (within a gestational limit) (2025). Source
  • Women, Business and the Law: Legal Framework Index (0-100): 80.63 (2025). Source
Religion-0.75SecularReligious2 indicators and sources
  • Religion and the state: Separation: no official or funded religion (2025). Source
  • Blasphemy or religious-insult law in force: None (2025). Source
Technology+0.20EmbraceCaution3 indicators and sources
  • Research and development expenditure (% of GDP): 0.37 (2024). Source
  • Nuclear power policy: Building or officially planning new reactors (2025). Source
  • Genetically modified crop cultivation: Cultivation banned or opted out (2025). Source
Culture-0.05MulticulturalNational identity4 indicators and sources
  • International migrant stock (% of population): 13.38 (2024). Source
  • Citizenship by birth in the territory: None: citizenship by descent only (2025). Source
  • Residence required for ordinary naturalization (years; 0 = no ordinary route): 5 years (2025). Source
  • Dual citizenship for naturalizing adults: Restricted (some countries only, permission, or exceptions) (2025). A 2025 law allows multiple citizenship with listed countries. Review. Source
Trade-0.50GlobalProtected4 indicators and sources
  • Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%): 1.86 (2022). Source
  • Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%): 2.09 (2022). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Trade Freedom (0-100): 73 (2026). Source
  • Trade (exports + imports) (% of GDP): 77.18 (2025). Source
Foreign policy+0.25CooperationStrength5 indicators and sources
  • Military expenditure (% of GDP): 39.56 (2025). Source
  • Military conscription: Universal compulsory service (2025). Wartime mobilization of men 25 and older under martial law. Source
  • Nuclear weapons status (0 none, 1 considers, 2 pursues, 3 possesses): No nuclear weapons program (2023). Source
  • Party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: State party (2026). State party since January 2025. Source
  • Collective defense commitments: None, or formal neutrality outside any pact (2026). Security agreements with partners, no treaty commitment to defend. Source

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Policy neighbours

Governed most like Ukraine

Every other country with a profile, tinted by how close its laws, institutions and public spending are to those of Ukraine on the same 12 axes. The percentage uses the 12 Axes match formula.

  1. 1Hungary83%
  2. 2Colombia79%
  3. 3Turkey78%
  4. 4Romania77%
  5. 5Bulgaria76%
Least similarNigeria55%
World map of countries by how similar their policy regime is to UkraineClosest: 1. Hungary 83%, 2. Colombia 79%, 3. Turkey 78%, 4. Romania 77%, 5. Bulgaria 76%, 6. Croatia 76%, 7. Poland 76%, 8. Vietnam 74%, 9. Philippines 73%, 10. Slovenia 73%. Least similar: Nigeria 55%. Every country is in the list after the map.Ukraine
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  • Under 55%
  • 65 to 74%
  • 85% or more
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FAQ

Ukraine: questions

How is Ukraine governed, on the 12 axes?

Ukraine is a unitary state that scores 0.24 out of 1 on the V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (2025). Government spending is 74% of GDP (IMF, 2025), the death penalty is abolished and same-sex marriage is banned in law. Its policy regime leans furthest toward Secular on Religion (-0.75), Central on Structure (+0.60) and Strong leader on Authority (+0.50), on a scale from -1 to +1.

Which countries are governed most like Ukraine?

On the same 12 axes, the closest policy regimes are Hungary (83%), Colombia (79%) and Turkey (78%). The furthest is Nigeria (55%). Matches use the same formula as the 12 Axes test.

Where does the data on Ukraine come from?

From 39 indicators dated 2021 to 2026, published by V-Dem, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, SIPRI, Reporters Without Borders, the World Prison Brief, UN DESA and others. Among them: a press freedom score of 66.1 out of 100 (RSF, 2026), 116 prisoners per 100,000 people (2023), military spending of 39.6% of GDP (SIPRI, 2025) and 13% of residents born abroad (UN DESA, 2024). Every value, year and source is listed in the profile above.

Does the profile describe what people in Ukraine think?

No. It describes the policy regime: laws, institutions and public spending. It does not measure public opinion or the speeches of the current government. To see which country is governed closest to your own views, take the 12 Axes test and open the country match on your result.

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