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Policy profile on 12 axes

How Chile Is Governed

Chile is a unitary state that scores 0.78 out of 1 on the V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (2025). Government spending is 26% of GDP (IMF, 2025), the death penalty is abolished except for wartime or exceptional crimes and same-sex marriage is legal. Below: the laws, institutions and public spending of Chile, scored on the same 12 axes as the test, with every indicator and source.

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Policy profile

The 12 axes, indicator by indicator

This profile describes the country's policy regime (laws, institutions and public spending) from published indices, not the views of its people or its current leaders. Data as of October 2026; each value shows its own year.

Ownership+0.15PublicPrivate4 indicators and sources
  • State ownership of the economy (coded tier): State controls major firms in several sectors beyond utilities (energy, banking, telecom, mining, transport) (2026). Codelco, the largest copper producer, is wholly state owned. Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Property Rights (0-100): 69.7 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Investment Freedom (0-100): 60 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Financial Freedom (0-100): 70 (2026). Source
Markets+0.25PlannedFree5 indicators and sources
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Business Freedom (0-100): 78.5 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Labor Freedom (0-100): 56.8 (2026). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Monetary Freedom (0-100): 75.1 (2026). Source
  • Regulatory Quality, estimate (-2.5 to 2.5): 0.64 (2025). Source
  • State ownership of the economy (coded tier): State controls major firms in several sectors beyond utilities (energy, banking, telecom, mining, transport) (2026). Codelco, the largest copper producer, is wholly state owned. Source
Welfare+0.35SharedSelf-reliant4 indicators and sources
  • General government total expenditure (% of GDP): 26.24 (2025). Source
  • Public social spending (% of GDP): 12.88 (2023). Source
  • Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP): 5.11 (2024). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Tax Burden (0-100): 72.5 (2026). Source
Authority-0.90DemocraticStrong leader2 indicators and sources
  • Liberal Democracy Index (0-1): 0.78 (2025). Source
  • Judicial constraints on the executive (0-1): 0.94 (2025). Source
Security-0.25LibertyOrder4 indicators and sources
  • Freedom in the World civil liberties score (0-60): 57 (2025). Source
  • World Press Freedom Index score (0-100): 60.84 (2026). Source
  • Death penalty status: Abolished for ordinary crimes only (kept for wartime or military crimes) (2025). Source
  • Prison population per 100,000 people: 329 (2025). Source
Structure+0.30LocalCentral2 indicators and sources
  • Territorial form of the state: Unitary state (2025). Source
  • Strong elected regional governments index (0-1): 0.71 (2025). Source
Morality-0.30ProgressiveTraditional3 indicators and sources
  • Same-sex marriage law (0 marriage, 1 civil union or partnership, 2 no recognition, 3 constitutional or statutory ban): Same-sex marriage legal (2026). Source
  • Abortion law: To preserve health, or a few narrow grounds such as rape (2025). Source
  • Women, Business and the Law: Legal Framework Index (0-100): 79.8 (2025). Source
Religion-0.75SecularReligious2 indicators and sources
  • Religion and the state: Separation: no official or funded religion (2025). Source
  • Blasphemy or religious-insult law in force: None (2025). Source
Technology-0.10EmbraceCaution3 indicators and sources
  • Research and development expenditure (% of GDP): 0.39 (2022). Source
  • Nuclear power policy: No nuclear power, no legal ban (2025). Source
  • Genetically modified crop cultivation: GM crops grown commercially (2025). Source
Culture-0.65MulticulturalNational identity4 indicators and sources
  • International migrant stock (% of population): 7.78 (2024). Source
  • Citizenship by birth in the territory: Unconditional birthright citizenship (2025). Source
  • Residence required for ordinary naturalization (years; 0 = no ordinary route): 5 years (2025). Source
  • Dual citizenship for naturalizing adults: Allowed (2025). Source
Trade-0.65GlobalProtected4 indicators and sources
  • Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%): 0.46 (2022). Source
  • Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%): 1.03 (2022). Source
  • Index of Economic Freedom 2026: Trade Freedom (0-100): 78 (2026). Source
  • Trade (exports + imports) (% of GDP): 64.98 (2025). Source
Foreign policy-0.55CooperationStrength5 indicators and sources
  • Military expenditure (% of GDP): 1.52 (2025). Source
  • Military conscription: Selective, limited or newly reintroduced (2025). Source
  • Nuclear weapons status (0 none, 1 considers, 2 pursues, 3 possesses): No nuclear weapons program (2023). Source
  • Party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: State party (2026). Source
  • Collective defense commitments: Other mutual defense commitment only (EU Treaty art. 42.7, Rio Treaty, Arab League treaty, bilateral pact) (2026). Source

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Policy neighbours

Governed most like Chile

Every other country with a profile, tinted by how close its laws, institutions and public spending are to those of Chile on the same 12 axes. The percentage uses the 12 Axes match formula.

  1. 1Uruguay86%
  2. 2Colombia84%
  3. 3Czechia83%
  4. 4Bulgaria82%
  5. 5Netherlands81%
Least similarIran43%
World map of countries by how similar their policy regime is to ChileClosest: 1. Uruguay 86%, 2. Colombia 84%, 3. Czechia 83%, 4. Bulgaria 82%, 5. Netherlands 81%, 6. Romania 81%, 7. South Korea 81%, 8. Croatia 80%, 9. Ireland 80%, 10. Slovakia 80%. Least similar: Iran 43%. Every country is in the list after the map.Chile
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Figures from Chile

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FAQ

Chile: questions

How is Chile governed, on the 12 axes?

Chile is a unitary state that scores 0.78 out of 1 on the V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (2025). Government spending is 26% of GDP (IMF, 2025), the death penalty is abolished except for wartime or exceptional crimes and same-sex marriage is legal. Its policy regime leans furthest toward Democratic on Authority (-0.90), Secular on Religion (-0.75) and Multicultural on Culture (-0.65), on a scale from -1 to +1.

Which countries are governed most like Chile?

On the same 12 axes, the closest policy regimes are Uruguay (86%), Colombia (84%) and Czechia (83%). The furthest is Iran (43%). Matches use the same formula as the 12 Axes test.

Where does the data on Chile come from?

From 42 indicators dated 2022 to 2026, published by V-Dem, Freedom House, the Heritage Foundation, the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, SIPRI, Reporters Without Borders, the World Prison Brief, UN DESA and others. Among them: a press freedom score of 60.8 out of 100 (RSF, 2026), 329 prisoners per 100,000 people (2025), military spending of 1.5% of GDP (SIPRI, 2025) and 7.8% of residents born abroad (UN DESA, 2024). Every value, year and source is listed in the profile above.

Does the profile describe what people in Chile think?

No. It describes the policy regime: laws, institutions and public spending. It does not measure public opinion or the speeches of the current government. To see which country is governed closest to your own views, take the 12 Axes test and open the country match on your result.

Which political figures from Chile are on PoliticalTests?

So far Salvador Allende, each placed on the 12 axes of the 12 Axes Political Test from their own speeches, writings and record, with sources on the profile page. More figures are added over time.

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